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Ancient Olympic pentathlon
The Ancient Olympic pentathlon () was an athletic contest at the Ancient Olympic Games, and other Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece. The name derives from Greek, combining the words ''pente'' (five) and ''athlon'' (competition). Five events were contested over one day, starting long jump, javelin throw, and discus throw, followed by the ''stadion'' (a short foot race) and wrestling. Pentathletes were considered to be among the most skilled athletes, and their training was often part of military service—each of the five events was thought to be useful in battle. It was the first documented type of pentathlon, a competition composed of five distinct events, and was the precursor to all competitions of this type, to which it lends its name.
==History==
The event was first held at the 18th Ancient Olympiad around 708 BC,〔(Notations on the 1920 discus stamps at the Olympic Museum ). International Olympic Committee. Retrieved on 2009-08-03.〕 and changed format a number of times. By the 77th Ancient Olympiad, the pentathlon was generally ordered into three sections: the ''triagmos'' of the long jump, javelin throw, and discus throw, the ''stadion'' foot race, and wrestling as the final event. The first three events were generally not held as individual events, but rather as only part of pentathlon competitions.〔Waldo E. Sweet, Erich Segal (1987). ''(Sport and recreation in ancient Greece )''. Oxford University Press. (p37). Retrieved on 2009-08-03.〕
It is unclear how a winner was chosen, but it has been suggested that the victor of all five events, or perhaps just three events, was declared the overall winner. Similarly, historians are uncertain as to how the wrestling event was competed and how victory was achieved.
The wide variety of skills needed to compete meant that pentathletes were held in high esteem as physical specimens: in ''Rhetoric'', Aristotle remarked "a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bodily strength...This is why the athletes in the pentathlon are most beautiful".〔(Ancient Olympic Events; Pentathlon ). Perseus digital library. Retrieved on 2009-08-03.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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